Understanding Gender Dynamics in Smallholder Farm Decision-Making: Evidence from Mzimba and Thyolo

This report examines how gender dynamics shape decision-making within smallholder farming households engaged in macadamia production in Malawi. Based on qualitative research conducted in Mzimba and Thyolo districts, it explores who makes decisions about farm practices, finances, and training, and how these decisions are influenced by gender roles and land inheritance systems.

The findings show that while decision-making is often described as joint, men typically retain final authority over farm planning and income use. Women play a major role in farm labour and post-harvest handling but face constraints related to domestic responsibilities, cooperative membership, and access to training. Differences between patrilineal and matrilineal contexts highlight how land ownership and independent income can strengthen women’s influence.

This report will benefit policymakers, development partners, agribusinesses, cooperatives, and practitioners seeking to design more inclusive agricultural interventions. Readers are encouraged to explore the full report for detailed insights and practical recommendations.